Thermal Atlas of the Solar System
Jupiter
Temperature high in the atmosphere (infrared, VLT telescope)
Temperature map of Jupiter's upper atmosphere from ESO's Very Large Telescope: warm belts, cool zones and the cold Great Red Spot.
About Jupiter
Jupiter has no surface. This is the temperature of the air high in its atmosphere, just above the clouds, where the pressure is a few tenths of Earth's. A telescope in Chile measured the infrared light this air gives off over four nights in May 2018.
The stripes are belts and zones. In the dark belts air sinks and warms, and in the pale zones it rises and cools, so the belts are a few degrees warmer. The Great Red Spot is a giant storm, colder than its surroundings.
There are almost no seasons (the axis is tilted only 3°), and Jupiter's own inner heat evens out the temperature, so the equator is barely warmer than the mid-latitudes. The polar regions are colder. The telescope can't see well beyond about 78°, so there the map just continues the last measured values.